Volari AI
DENIAL PLAYBOOK

Common claim denial types, and how to appeal each one

Most denials trace back to a handful of recurring reasons. Here's what each one means, the code behind it, and what actually overturns it. Pick the denial you're fighting.

Modifier 25

CARC 97 / B15 (service included in another)

A Modifier 25 denial happens when you bill a significant, separately identifiable E/M service on the same day as a procedure, and the payer decides the E/M wasn't separate and bundles it into the procedure.

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Medical Necessity

CARC 50 (not deemed medically necessary)

A medical necessity denial means the payer decided the service wasn't medically necessary for the patient under its coverage policy, even though it was performed and documented.

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Timely Filing

CARC 29 (time limit for filing expired)

A timely filing denial means the claim was received after the payer's filing deadline. It's the denial practices most often write off, and the one most often recoverable with proof.

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Prior Authorization

CARC 197 (precert/authorization absent)

A prior-authorization denial means the payer says the required pre-approval wasn't obtained before the service. It's common, and a large share are recoverable.

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Bundling / NCCI Edits

CARC 97 (bundled into another service)

A bundling denial means the payer applied an NCCI edit and folded one procedure into another, paying only the primary code even though both services were performed.

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Missing or Invalid Information

CARC 16 (claim lacks information)

This denial means the claim is missing or has invalid information the payer needs to adjudicate it, from a member ID to a required modifier or referring provider.

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Coordination of Benefits

CARC 22 (may be covered by another payer)

A coordination-of-benefits (COB) denial means the payer believes another plan is primary, or the patient's COB information is out of date, so it won't pay until the order is resolved.

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Non-Covered Service

CARC 96 (non-covered charge)

A non-covered denial means the payer says the service isn't a covered benefit under the patient's plan. Some are truly non-covered; many are mis-categorized or mis-coded.

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Duplicate Claim

CARC 18 (exact duplicate claim)

A duplicate denial means the payer thinks this claim or line was already submitted. Often it's a true duplicate, but frequently it's a distinct service the payer mis-flagged.

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Experimental / Investigational

CARC 55 (experimental/investigational)

This denial means the payer considers the service experimental or investigational under its medical policy, so it won't cover it, even when it's the appropriate care.

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